Coaley Peak GEO Research Centre Multilingual · Multi-country
Engine guides How 20 AI engines and assistants build their answers, and how to get cited in each.
For each engine: when it launched and how it developed, the four layers behind its answers, the crawlers and user agents that feed it, where they crawl from, and how to opt out. Researched from each provider's own documentation.
All engine guides
Foreign AI assistants and LLMs
The assistants people use where ChatGPT is not the default, each with its own sources and rules.
- DeepSeek深度求索China's open-weight challenger: a free assistant whose optional web search runs on unnamed third-party engines, and MIT-licensed models used worldwide.Read the guide →
- Doubao豆包ByteDance's assistant and China's most-used AI app, which searches third-party pages, shows its sources above each answer, and draws on Douyin and Toutiao.Read the guide →
- Qwen千问Alibaba's assistant and open-weight model family: 千问 in China, wired into Taobao and Alipay, and Qwen Chat worldwide, both showing reference sources.Read the guide →
- KimiMoonshot AI's long-context assistant, with its own search index and a clean robots.txt split between training, search and user fetches.Read the guide →
- Tencent Yuanbao腾讯元宝Tencent's AI assistant, which searches WeChat Official Accounts, Weixin Search and Sogou, and lives inside Weixin as a chat contact.Read the guide →
- Mistral VibeFrance's AI assistant, called Le Chat until May 2026, with separate crawlers for training, search indexing and live fetches, and open-weight models behind it.Read the guide →
- Jais and ALLaMجيس وعلّامThe Arabic-first models built in the Gulf: Jais from the UAE, which powers JAIS Chat, and ALLaM from Saudi Arabia, which powers HUMAIN Chat.Read the guide →
Foreign search engines
Search engines that lead their home markets, each now composing AI answers from its own index.
- Baidu and ERNIE百度 · 文心China's leading search engine, where about 70% of mobile results pages now carry AI answers, built on Baidu's own index and its ERNIE models.Read the guide →
- Naver and HyperCLOVA X네이버Korea's own search engine, now answering with AI Briefing and AI Tab on its HyperCLOVA X models, and drawing heavily on Naver Blog, Cafe, Place and Shopping.Read the guide →
- Yahoo! JAPANヤフーJapan's own Yahoo!, whose web results come from Google's engine, whose AI answers run on Google Cloud and OpenAI models, and whose Agent i assistant reaches LINE's users.Read the guide →
- SeznamCzechia's own search engine, now writing AI summaries with its SeLLMa model from its top five organic results, and answering in Seznam Asistent.Read the guide →
Global AI search and assistants
The AI search products most SEO teams already know, and what they need from a brand.
- ChatGPTOpenAI's assistant, which it says reaches 1.2 billion people a week, with separate crawlers for search, training and user fetches, and citations in every search answer.Read the guide →
- Google AI Overviews and AI ModeThe AI answers at the top of Google Search and its conversational AI Mode, built on Google's index, now with a one-click opt-out in Search Console.Read the guide →
- GeminiGoogle's assistant, with more than a billion monthly users, grounded in Google Search and governed by the Google-Extended token for both training and grounding.Read the guide →
- PerplexityThe answer engine that cites every answer, runs its own index and ranking engine, and answers with models from OpenAI, Anthropic and others.Read the guide →
- ClaudeAnthropic's assistant, with three documented crawlers that all honour robots.txt, citations in every search answer, and Brave Search among its search providers.Read the guide →
- Microsoft Copilot and BingMicrosoft's assistant, grounded in Bing's index, with Copilot-specific meanings for NOARCHIVE and NOCACHE and a citation report in Bing Webmaster Tools.Read the guide →
- Meta AIThe assistant inside WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook, now on Meta's Muse Spark model, with one crawler for its citations and a separate one for training.Read the guide →
- GrokThe assistant built into X, which searches public X posts as well as the web, documents no crawler, and learns from public X content unless users opt out.Read the guide →
Base models
The open-weight models inside other people's products, where base model targeting does its work.
Independence and trademarks. Engine and model names on these pages are trademarks of their respective owners, named on each guide. Coaley Peak is independent: we are not associated with, endorsed by or a partner of any of them. The guides are our own research from public documentation and reputable reporting.
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Document reference: ISO_webpage_geo_engines_v1
Last modified: 7 October 2026
GEO Research Centre·Engine guides